Science: How to Slice Steak and Make Cheap Beef Cuts (like Flank Steak) Tender with Only Your Knife

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Do you know how to slice steak or how to cut meat? The way you cut steak can make all the difference. Here’s why it's important to learn about slicing meat.
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We know that it’s possible to make relatively tough cuts like flank steak more tender by thinly slicing them against the grain—that is, perpendicular to the orientation of the muscle fibers—rather than with the grain. But how much more tender? We decided to quantify just how much difference using the correct slicing method can make.
EXPERIMENT
We cooked a whole flank steak in a temperature-controlled water bath to 130 degrees, cut equally thick slices both with and against the grain, and used an ultrasensitive piece of equipment called a CT3 Texture Analyzer from Brookfield Engineering to test how much force was required to “bite” into the slices. We repeated the experiment three times and averaged the results. We also duplicated the tests with a more tender piece of strip loin.
RESULTS
Flank steak slices carved against the grain required 383 grams of force to “bite” 5 millimeters into the meat, while slices carved with the grain required a whopping 1,729 grams of force—more than four times as much—to travel the same distance. Strip loin slices carved against the grain required 329 grams of force; with the grain, 590 grams of force.
EXPLANATION
Flank steak contains wide muscle fibers and a relatively high proportion of connective tissue that make it chewy. Slicing it against the grain shortens those muscle fibers, making it easier to chew.
TAKEAWAY
What's the best way to slice meat? Slicing against the grain dramatically narrowed the gap in tenderness between the strip and flank steaks. Flank steak sliced with the grain was 193 percent tougher than strip steak sliced with the grain, but that difference dropped to just 16 percent when both types of steak were sliced against the grain. So while all cuts benefit from slicing against the grain, it’s especially important when slicing flank steak. In fact, slicing a flank steak properly can make it tender enough to rival premium steaks.
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